Pain modulation refers to the many ways in which the perception of pain can be altered or controlled. This can include the body's own natural pain-relief mechanisms, such as the release of endorphins, as well as external methods like medication, physical therapy, or psychological interventions. Understanding and studying pain modulation is essential in the treatment of chronic pain conditions and has led to the development of new therapies and approaches to pain management. Researchers in this area aim to identify the mechanisms by which pain can be modulated and explore novel ways to help individuals manage and alleviate their pain.